Justia Immigration Law Opinion Summaries

Petitioner petitioned for the court’s review of the Board of Immigration Appeal’s (BIA) denial of his motion to reopen his removal proceedings. According to Petitioner, the BIA erred in finding his motion to be time-barred under 8 U.S.C. Section 1229a and further erred in refusing to exercise its authority to reopen his case sua sponte.The Second Circuit dismissed in part and denied in part Petitioner’s petition for review. The court held that Petitioner’s motion was filed years after his order of removal became final, and he has not identified any changed country conditions that could justify the delay. Furthermore, the court wrote that it lacks jurisdiction to review the BIA’s decision not to reopen a case sua sponte. View "Chen v. Garland" on Justia Law

An Immigration Judge (IJ) denied Petitioner's adjustment of status and waiver of inadmissibility, finding that his extensive criminal history since arriving in the United States made him a “violent and dangerous” individual and that his Minnesota domestic assault conviction was an aggravated felony “crime of violence.” 8 U.S.C. Sections 1159(a), (c), 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(I). The IJ further ruled that this conviction made Petitioner statutorily ineligible for asylum and withholding of removal. 8 U.S.C. Sections 1158(b)(2)(A)(ii), 1231(b)(3)(B)(ii). On appeal, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) upheld these rulings.   The BIA ordered Petitioner removed to South Sudan. Petitioner petitioned for judicial review of the BIA’s decision, limiting the petition to the denial of CAT relief. The Eighth Circuit denied the petition for review. The court concluded that the BIA adequately explained why it rejected the IJ’s likelihood-of-torture finding and identified reasons grounded in the record sufficient to support this clear error determination. The BIA explained why the IJ’s findings failed to establish Petitioner was at personal risk of being tortured in South Sudan.   Petitioner argued the BIA failed to consider the risk of torture in the aggregate, instead focusing on isolated and incomplete portions of the evidence. However, the court wrote that the BIA expressly stated that the IJ’s ultimate finding of the likelihood of torture “is not supported by the record.” Although it did not individually address all evidence in the record or every IJ finding, its opinion demonstrates that it considered the record as a whole and “accounted for all of the asserted risks in concluding that the immigration judge clearly erred.” View "Chuor Chuor v. Merrick B. Garland" on Justia Law

Petitioner petitioned for review of a final order of removal issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals, dismissing his appeal from the decision of the immigration judge (“IJ”) to deny his motion to reopen. Petitioner illegally entered the United States, at Laredo, Texas. The Government filed a Notice to Appear (“NTA”) in immigration court and charged Petitioner as removable under 8 U.S.C. Section 1182(a)(6)(A)(i). Petitioner did not appear and was ordered removed in absentia.   Petitioner contends the Fifth Circuit should remand the matter to the Board for reconsideration of his NTA challenge in light of Rodriguez v. Garland, 15 F.4th 351 (5th Cir. 2021). The Fifth Circuit denied the petition for review. The court explained that here, in contrast to Rodriguez, Petitioner received the NTA and does not dispute that he also received the subsequent notice of hearing (NOH). The fact that Petitioner received the NOH (or does not dispute receiving the NOH) makes Rodriguez distinguishable. View "Campos-Chaves v. Garland" on Justia Law

Petitioners a twenty-three-year-old mother and her seven-year-old son, respectively, sought asylum in the United States after fleeing El Salvador following death threats and violence at the hands of the Mara 18 gang due to Petitioner’s Catholic religion.An immigration judge (IJ) found Petitioner’s testimony was credible and that one of the death threats she received had a nexus to her statutorily protected right to religion. However, the IJ then concluded that the death threat did not rise to the level of past persecution because the threat never came to fruition. It thus denied her application for asylum and the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirmed that decision.The Fourth Circuit granted Petitioners’ petition for review of the BIA’s decision. The court explained that the IJ’s decision, which the BIA adopted, blatantly ignored our long line of cases establishing that the threat of death alone establishes past persecution. This was legal error, and therefore, an abuse of discretion. The court held has established she was subjected to past persecution in El Salvador. She is thereby entitled to the presumption of a well-founded fear of future persecution. View "Zoila Sorto-Guzman v. Merrick Garland" on Justia Law

Petitioner appealed the Board of Immigration Appeals’ judgment that he is removable on the ground that he was convicted of a “crime of child abuse, child neglect, or child abandonment” within the meaning of 8 U.S.C. Section 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). The parties agree that the least culpable conduct criminalized by the Florida statute under which Petitioner was convicted—culpably negligent child neglect—fits within the BIA’s expansive interpretation of Section 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). The question, then, is whether the BIA’s reading of that provision is permissible inasmuch as it covers Petitioner’s offense.   The Eleventh Circuit affirmed. The court explained that the offense of which all now agree Petitioner was convicted fits within the BIA’s interpretation of Section 1227(a)(1)(E)(i)’s key statutory phrase, “crime of child abuse, child neglect, or child abandonment,” which the Board reads to encompass “child endangerment-type offense[s]” that require a “likelihood or reasonable probability that a child will be harmed.”   Further, the court concluded that the BIA’s interpretation of Fla. Stat. Section 827.03(2)(d) is permissible insofar as it reaches “culpably negligent” child neglect. Thus, because it’s reasonable to interpret “crime of . . . child neglect” as including the Florida offense of culpably negligent child neglect, the court deferred to the BIA’s conclusion that Petitioner’s conviction under Fla. Stat. Section 827.03(2) renders him removable. View "Ariel Marcelo Bastias v. U.S. Attorney General" on Justia Law

Petitioner, a lawful permanent resident, was ordered removed based on a 1997 conviction. He then filed a motion to reopen, which was denied. In 2018, he filed a second motion to reopen, claiming that he was no longer removable as charged because a state court, in 2018, had modified his conviction due to a “constitutional defect” in his criminal proceeding. Petitioner argued that his removal order was invalid, and therefore, the BIA should reopen proceedings, set aside his removal order, and terminate proceedings. The BIA denied the motion as both number barred and time-barred.   Denying in part and dismissing in part Petitioner’s petition for review, the Ninth Circuit concluded that the BIA did not err in denying Petitioner’s motion to reopen, which challenged his removal order on the ground that his underlying conviction was allegedly invalid. The court concluded that none of the circumstances in which an alien may challenge a removal order based on the claim that a conviction underlying a removal order is invalid were applicable here.   The court also concluded that the BIA did not abuse its discretion in deciding that equitable tolling of the time and number bar was not available to Petitioner, explaining that he waited 21 years to seek a modification of his conviction, provided no basis as to his reasonable efforts to pursue relief during that period, and provided no explanation for such an exceedingly long delay. Finally, the court concluded that it lacked jurisdiction to consider whether the BIA erred in denying Petitioner’s request to sua sponte reopen proceedings. View "LUIS PEREZ-CAMACHO V. MERRICK GARLAND" on Justia Law

An immigration judge (IJ) concluded that Gutierrez-Vargas was not eligible for asylum or withholding of removal because his conviction for dismembering a human body constituted a particularly serious crime. The IJ further concluded that he was not eligible for deferral of removal because he failed to demonstrate that it was more likely than not that he would be tortured if returned to Mexico. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) affirmed that decision.   Petitioner petitioned for review of the BIA denial of his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and deferral of removal. He argued that the conduct underlying his conviction did not constitute a “particularly serious crime” and that the IJ abused his discretion in determining that Petitioner did not qualify for deferral of removal under CAT. The court concluded that the IJ and the BIA applied the correct legal framework in determining that Petitioner’s conviction constituted a particularly serious crime. The IJ noted the elements of the offense, Petitioner’s role in dismembering and concealing the victim’s body, his “lengthy prison sentence,” and the state courts’ characterization of Petitioner’s actions.   Further, the court explained that although an applicant’s credible testimony “may be sufficient to sustain the burden of proof without corroboration,” 8 C.F.R. Section 1208.16(c)(2) (emphasis added), the IJ found that Petitioner’s testimony, even taken as true, did not satisfy that burden. Thus, Petitioner has failed to demonstrate any abuse of discretion in that ruling. View "Salvador Gutierrez-Vargas v. Merrick B. Garland" on Justia Law

Marin entered the U.S. illegally as a child in 1988 and was removed within months. He illegally reentered, was ordered removed in 1997, and was removed to Mexico. He illegally reentered, returned to Mexico, and reentered again—most recently in 2004, then remained in the U.S., accumulating convictions for residential burglary, domestic battery, illegal firearm possession, and four DUIs. DHS located Marin in an Illinois prison and reinstated the 1997 removal order. Because Marin has been convicted of residential burglary, an aggravated felony, he is inadmissible for 20 years, 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(9)(A)(i), and is barred from seeking withholding of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act or the Convention Against Torture.He sought deferral of removal under the Convention. An asylum officer determined that he had a reasonable fear of torture; he was placed in “withholding only” proceedings. The judge granted deferral of removal. The BIA reversed and ordered him removed. Marin petitioned for review but did not seek a stay of removal from the court. His request for a DHA administrative stay was denied. He was removed while his case was pending. The Seventh Circuit dismissed a petition for review. Because he seeks only deferral of removal in a withholding-only proceeding, his removal moots his claim for relief. View "Garcia-Marin v. Garland" on Justia Law

Petitioner a native and citizen of South Korea, sought review of a Board of Immigration Appeals  (BIA) decision affirming an Immigration Judge’s denial of Petitioner’s application for cancellation of removal. The BIA found Jang ineligible for cancellation because of her state conviction for attempted second-degree money laundering which it deemed a “crime involving moral turpitude” (“CIMT”) under the Immigration and Nationality Act.   The Second Circuit granted Petitioner’s petition for review and remanded the case to the agency for further consideration. The court held that Petitioner’s offense of conviction lacks the scienter required to qualify as a CIMT. The court explained that the BIA’s reliance on Section 470.10(1) to determine that Petitioner’s crime was a CIMT was indisputably misplaced, either as a reference to the Tejwani provision that had been superseded by Section 470.15(1)(b)(ii)(A) before Petitioner’s offense conduct or as a reference to the current Section 470.10(1), which defines money laundering in the third, not second, degree. Further, the knowledge required for conviction under Section 470.15(1)(b)(ii)(A) falls well short of the depravity described by the BIA as requisite for a CIMT. The BIA, therefore, erred in treating Petitioner’s conviction for attempted money laundering in the second degree as a CIMT and on that basis denying her application for cancellation of removal. View "Jang v. Garland" on Justia Law

Petitioner missed the filing deadline for his asylum application by over three years and argued that he qualified for the extraordinary circumstances exception to the time limitation based on his “incapacity or legal disability” due to ignorance of the relevant immigration laws, his young age of 22 years old at the time of his arrival, his lack of English-language skills, and the stress he experienced from fleeing his home country.   The Ninth Circuit denied Petitioner’s petition for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals, the court held that the BIA did not err in concluding that Petitioner failed to establish extraordinary circumstances to excuse his delay in filing his asylum application. The court concluded that none of the factors identified by Petitioner, either separately or in the aggregate, were of a similar nature or seriousness to the examples of extraordinary circumstances set forth in the regulation. 8 C.F.R. Section 1208.4(a)(5). The court held that the BIA, therefore, did not err in concluding that Petitioner failed to establish the presence of an extraordinary circumstance to excuse the delay in filing his asylum application. View "MARVIN MARTINEZ ALQUIJAY V. MERRICK GARLAND" on Justia Law